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Article History

Received: 20 May 2024

Accepted: 14 July 2025

First Online: 1 August 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This research was conducted with the highest ethical standards in mind, strictly adhering to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol underwent a rigorous review and received comprehensive approval from the Ethics Committee of the Foreign Languages School, Nanyang Normal University, China. The approval, granted under Reference No. FLS-NNU-2024-09-12-001, was officially issued on September 11, 2024. The scope of this approval covered all aspects of the research, including the study design, participant recruitment, data collection procedures (both quantitative and qualitative), data storage, and confidentiality protocols. The committee thoroughly assessed the potential risks and benefits to participants, confirming that the research design posed no potential harm and upheld the welfare and rights of all individuals involved.

: Written informed consent was meticulously obtained from all participants involved in the study prior to any data collection, specifically between October 5 and October 12, 2024. Each participant engaged in an individual and thorough consent process, ensuring a complete understanding of their involvement. They were verbally briefed and subsequently provided with a detailed information sheet. This document clearly outlined the research objectives and overall purpose of the study. Furthermore, it detailed the nature of their participation, including the specific tasks and time commitment required for both the experimental and control groups. The information sheet also clearly described the confidentiality and anonymity measures implemented to protect their personal data. Emphasizing the voluntary nature of their involvement, it explicitly stated that participants were under no obligation to take part and highlighted their unconditional right to withdraw at any point without explanation or negative consequences, such as any impact on their academic standing or relationship with the institution. Finally, the document included contact information for the researchers, allowing participants to address any questions or concerns before, during, or after the study. Throughout this process, participants were given ample opportunity to ask any questions and received clear, comprehensible answers. Only upon confirming their full understanding and voluntary agreement did they sign the informed consent form, with copies then provided for their personal records.