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Article History

Received: 18 July 2024

Accepted: 21 July 2025

First Online: 1 August 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Ethical approval for this study was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Arts, Culture and Education (FACE) at the University of Hull, UK, on 29 July 2019 (Ref: 1920PGR01). The approval covered protocols for data collection through anonymous questionnaires. All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: All participants provided informed consent prior to participating in the anonymous online survey, which was conducted between 1 October 2019 and 31 December 2019. The first page of the questionnaire displayed a detailed information statement explaining the purpose of the study, the voluntary nature of participation, and how their anonymous data would be used for research and publication. Participants indicated their consent by voluntarily continuing to complete the questionnaire from that information page. To protect the privacy of participants in this anonymous study, no written or signed consent forms were collected.