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Article History

Received: 28 August 2024

Accepted: 21 July 2025

First Online: 30 July 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study received ethical approval (Approval No: ZSRT2024192) from the Human Experiment Ethics Committee at Zhejiang Normal University on 8th August 2023. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: All participants were informed about the purpose of the study, the nature of their participation, and the confidentiality of their personal information. Data collection was carried out between August 2023 and January 2024, and written informed consent was obtained from each participant prior to their involvement in the research. Participants were assured that their participation was voluntary and that they had the right to withdraw from the study at any point without any negative consequences. All data collected were anonymized, and measures were taken to securely store the data to protect participants’ privacy. The research team adhered to the ethical guidelines and principles set forth by Zhejiang Normal University to ensure the responsible and respectful treatment of all participants throughout the study.