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Article History

Received: 10 September 2024

Accepted: 21 July 2025

First Online: 29 July 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: All methods were carried out in accordance with the guidelines and regulations of the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. Since this study did not involve intervention and was deemed a low risk, ethical review and approval were waived by the Institutional Review Board at the School of Foreign Languages, Soochow University on July 1, 2024.

: Each participant was required to sign a written informed consent form by the research investigator before the survey (conducted in July 2024). All participants confirmed their informed consent regarding participation, data use, and research publication after being adequately informed about assured anonymity, voluntary participation, research aims, data use, and any potential risks. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.