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Authors
Feng, Jie https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4853-3360
Yahaya, Siti Rohaya
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Article History
Received: 10 August 2024
Accepted: 26 June 2025
First Online: 25 August 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Before conducting the research, ethical issues were considered, ensuring compliance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol was thoroughly reviewed and formally approved by the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (JEPeM-USM). (Approval number: USM/JEPeM/PP/23090664; Date of approval: 23rd February 2024 until 22nd February 2025).
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. Participants were informed about the purpose of the study, the voluntary nature of their participation, and their right to withdraw at any time without providing a reason. Consent was obtained in written form, and participants were assured that their responses would remain anonymous and confidential. The study did not disclose any personal or sensitive information about the respondents. The signing of the informed consent form was carried out in accordance with the time at which each interviewee was interviewed. The consent forms were obtained on: 6 March 2024; 15 March 2024; 20 March 2024; 26 March 2024; 1 April 2024; 4 April 2024; 10 April 2024; 12 April 2024; 16 April 2024; 21 April 2024; 23 April 2024; 27 April 2024; 29 April 2024; 30 April 2024; 2 May 2024; 6 May 2024; 11 May 2024; 13 May 2024; 16 May 2024; 20 May 2024. The detailed classification is presented as follows. The interviewee: Time of signature—the first interviewee: 6 March 2024; the second interviewee: 15 March 2024; the third interviewee: 20 March 2024; the fourth interviewee: 26 March 2024; the fifth interviewee: 1 April 2024; the sixth interviewee: 4 April 2024; the seventh interviewee: 10 April 2024; the eighth interviewee: 12 April 2024; the ninth interviewee: 16 April 2024; the tenth interviewee: 21 April 2024; the eleventh interviewee: 23 April 2024; the twelfth interviewee: 27 April 2024; the thirteenth interviewee: 29 April 2024; the fourteenth interviewee: 30 April 2024; the fifteenth interviewee: 2 May 2024; the sixteenth interviewee: 6 May 2024; the seventeenth interviewee: 11 May 2024; the eighteenth interviewee: 13 May 2024; the nineteenth interviewee: 16 May 2024; the twentieth interviewee: 20 May 2024.
