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Authors
Kaufman, Michelle R.
Wright, Kate
Shin, Rosalyn
Ohene-Kyei, Elise Tirza
Fatoki, Oluwatimilehin
Karver, Tahilin Sanchez
Aguirre, Carlos
Dredze, Mark
Zirikly, Ayah
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bloomberg Philanthropies
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Article History
Received: 14 November 2024
Accepted: 28 July 2025
First Online: 22 September 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Institutional Review Board designated this study as not human subjects research.
: Informed consent was not obtained because this was not human subjects research. All data were publicly available, and X users were not necessarily traceable.
