Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Gong, Wenting
Xu, Chuang
Ye, Jian-Hong
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Evaluation Committee of Social Science Achievements of Hunan Province (XSP2023JYC236)
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 25 October 2024
Accepted: 28 July 2025
First Online: 8 August 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approval for the study was submitted by the second author to the Academic Ethics Committee of Hunan Institute of Technology on June 25, 2022. The approval was granted on September 1, 2022, with the approval number HNGXY-2022-21. All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Academic Ethics Committee of Hunan Institute of Technology and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This project did not involve any research on animals.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study between 9 September 2022 and 10 October 2022. Participants were provided with detailed information about the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks, benefits, and their rights to withdraw from the study at any time without any penalty. Written consent was documented for all participants prior to their involvement in the study.
