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Authors
Yingying, Tian
Mow, Gooi Leong
Chong, Kim Mee
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Article History
Received: 25 September 2024
Accepted: 29 July 2025
First Online: 6 August 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All procedures in this study, which did not involve human participants, adhered to the ethical standards of the authors’ institution and relevant national research guidelines. The research aligns with the ethical principles of the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its subsequent amendments or equivalent standards. Since this study did not require institutional review board approval, no protocol number was assigned.
: This study did not involve human participants, so informed consent was not required. All procedures followed the ethical guidelines of the authors’ institution and relevant national standards.
