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Authors
Li, Hansen
Liu, Qian
Yang, Ying
Liu, Liming
Zhang, Guodong
Zhang, Xing
Yin, Mingyue
Cao, Yang
Browning, Matthew H. E. M.
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Article History
Received: 5 December 2024
Accepted: 29 July 2025
First Online: 22 August 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Prior to the commencement of the research, the study design was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Physical Education at Southwest University (Approval Code: SWU-PE20230310; Approval Date: March 10, 2023). This approval covered the investigation into the relationship between nighttime environmental factors and human behavior, including aspects such as nighttime lighting conditions and physical activity or exercise behaviors during the night.
: Before completing the questionnaire, participants were required to read the study information and sign an informed consent form in order to proceed. Informed consent was obtained in December 2023. The study information sheet included details about the purpose of the research, the intended use of the data, the principle of anonymity, and the possible forms in which the results might be published.
