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Article History

Received: 21 May 2024

Accepted: 30 July 2025

First Online: 28 August 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study complies with ethical standards and guidelines outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Because of the observational nature of the study, also in the absence of any involvement of therapeutic medication, according to the decision made by the Ethics Committee of Northeast Normal University on 2nd March 2023, this questionnaire-based study does not require ethical approval.

: All aspects of this study were conducted voluntarily by participants and with the approval of their parents. Between 27th March 2023 and 10th December 2023, all participants and their parents signed informed consent forms. In addition, they were informed that personal information would be hidden during the research. They were also free to withdraw from the research at any time.