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Article History

Received: 2 January 2025

Accepted: 11 August 2025

First Online: 24 September 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was conducted in line with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards and with ethical research guidelines, and adhered to the principles outlined in the European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity, ensuring transparency, informed consent, and participant protection. This study was also approved on May 26, 2024, by the ethics committee of Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University (GO-1707).

: Informed consent was obtained in written form from all participants at the beginning of the semester between September 30 and October 4, 2024. The consent process was conducted by the first author prior to the commencement of data collection activities. All participants were adults and were recruited through classroom visits, and no vulnerable individuals or minors were involved. The consent form included the basic purpose of the study, procedures, as well as the use of data for academic purposes. All participants were informed that their anonymity was assured, why the research was being conducted, their data would be used for academic publication purposes, and that there were no risks to them of participating in the study.