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Authors
Rentería, José María
Solano, Dante
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Economic and Social Research Consortium (PI EQU A1-PRI04, PI EQU A1-PRI04)
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Article History
Received: 2 October 2024
Accepted: 14 August 2025
First Online: 26 August 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study did not require ethical approval because it involved only a secondary analysis of publicly available fully anonymized datasets from the Peruvian Ministry of Education. No new data were collected and no human participants were directly involved.
: Informed consent was not applicable to this study, as the analysis was conducted on publicly accessible datasets from the Peruvian Ministry of Education with no identifiable personal information.
