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Article History

Received: 24 January 2025

Accepted: 14 August 2025

First Online: 29 August 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. The author sought and obtained ethical approval from the Research Ethical Board of the School of Management, Minzu University of China, and the study complied with ethical standards throughout the research period from July 2022 until submission (approval date: May 1, 2022). No number was attached to the approval.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants involved in this study. Consent was secured by the authors directly from each participant prior to their participation in the respective interview session. The consent process occurred on the specific dates each interview was conducted, spanning multiple phases between July 2022 and January 2023. Participants received a comprehensive written consent form detailing the study’s purpose, procedures, voluntary nature of participation, confidentiality measures (including anonymization of personal identifiers like names and contact details, and secure data storage), the scope of their consent (specifically covering participation, use of their anonymized data for research purposes, and consent to publish findings derived from their anonymized responses), and their rights to withdraw at any time without penalty. All participants acknowledged their understanding and agreement by signing the consent form. No minors or vulnerable individuals were included.