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Authors
Wang, Xinghua
Wang, Yu
Han, Zhongmei
Wang, Yu
Duan, Ziyu
Zhang, Zaipeng
Alsudais, Taghreed Ali
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2023MF059)
Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of Qingdao (QDSKL2401291)
Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project (PNURSP2025R579)
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Article History
Received: 10 January 2025
Accepted: 18 August 2025
First Online: 28 August 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study does not involve human participants or their data. Therefore, ethical approval is not applicable.
: This study does not involve human participants or their data. Therefore, informed consent is not applicable.
