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Article History

Received: 9 October 2024

Accepted: 18 August 2025

First Online: 26 September 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This work received ethical approval from the management committee of Lanzhou Regional Centers of Large-scale Instrument for Resource and Environment on March 2, 2019, with an approval reference number LZ201901 starting from June 1, 2019 to May 31, 2025. This ethical approval spans all aspects of the work, including recruitment of study participants, collection of data, and analysis of the data. All research procedures were conducted adherence to the Helsinki Declaration.

: This work did not involve any personal or private information. Informed consent was obtained during August 16, 2023 to April 2, 2024, from the participating organizations regarding the use of their 2022 instrument use-time distribution data. The consent process involved two steps: First, the authors contacted the candidate organizations to confirm their willingness to participate, clearly explaining the specific data required, the purpose of the study, and how the data would be used. All participants were fully informed that their anonymity would be assured. Second, confirmation of data format and approval for data use was obtained via WeChat, serving as formal authorization. All participants were fully informed of any potential risks associated with their involvement in the work.