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Authors
Alshammari, Adel
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
This research is funded by the Deanship of Research and Innovation at University of Hafr Al Batin (through the project number (0233-1446-S).)
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Article History
Received: 8 March 2025
Accepted: 18 August 2025
First Online: 26 August 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the University of Hafr Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia on 17 March 2024(Approval No.: UHB 24/57/16863).
: A written informed consent letter was distributed to the participants through their university. Written consent was embedded in the questionnaire form, and participants’ responses indicating consent were collected between April and October 2024. The purpose of the study was clearly explained, and participants were given the freedom to withdraw at any time if they did not wish to participate in the questionnaire.
