Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Ke, Qi
Gong, Yunhong
Ke, Changping
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Yunnan Provincial Educational Research and Planning Program (BB24011)
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 26 November 2024
Accepted: 18 August 2025
First Online: 2 September 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at Qujing Normal University (Approval No. QNU-IRB-24-012). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The approval was granted on 16th May 2024. All research procedures were performed following the guidelines and regulations outlined by the approving body.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their completion of the online questionnaire. The consent was part of the online questionnaire which was administered between May 20, 2024, to June 05, 2024. Participants were fully informed about the purpose of the study, the voluntary nature of their participation, their right to withdraw at any time without penalty, and the intended use of their data. Consent included permission for the use of anonymized data in academic publications resulting from this research.
