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Authors
Wang, Shuai
jiao, guanzhe
chen, yun
li, yicheng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Social Science Foundation of China (23BGL163)
Social Science Foundation of Shandong Province (23CRKJ01)
the Research Project for High-level Talent Introduction of Shandong Women’s University (2023RCYJ06)
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Article History
Received: 13 November 2024
Accepted: 23 August 2025
First Online: 29 September 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Shandong Women’s University (protocol code SDWUIRB20240011) on January 24, 2024.
: In compliance with national regulations and institutional ethical standards, written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection, commencing on January 31, 2024. Participants received comprehensive written and verbal explanations regarding: (a) Study purpose: Investigation of workplace relationship dynamics and their impact on organizational behaviors; (b) Procedures: Multi-wave surveys or laboratory experiments involving cognitive-behavioral tasks; (c) Voluntary nature: Explicit right to withdraw at any stage without penalty or professional consequence.. The process of obtaining informed consent involved the following steps: (a) researchers distributed informed consent forms to participants and explained the content of the forms to them; (b) explicit confirmation: Mandatory checkbox affirmation was required (see ). The study employed a non-interventional research design using anonymous paper-based questionnaires. Therefore, the informed consent statement included the following elements: (a) anonymity and confidentiality were guaranteed, and no personally identifiable information was collected; (b) the purpose of the study was clearly explained. The study would be used for academic purposes and not for any commercial use; (c) participants were informed that there were no foreseeable risks associated with participation; and (d) all data collected were used for academic research and not employed for any commercial activities.
