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Article History

Received: 12 December 2024

Accepted: 26 August 2025

First Online: 30 September 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was ethically reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Review Committee at Xianyang Normal University. The approval process followed ethical standards equivalent to those outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, ensuring that the study met accepted ethical principles for research involving human participants. The ethical approval number is XYNURER-25-01, and the date of the approval is on January 8, 2025. (During the process of revising the paper, we supplemented a portion of the survey that involved human participants, and therefore, we submitted an ethics application. That’s the reason why the approval was obtained after the research commencing.) All procedures involving human participants, including recruitment, sample collection, and data analysis.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants on January 10, 2025, after being informed about the background, purpose, and procedures of this research. The participants are entirely voluntary, and they can choose not to participate or withdraw at any time by informing the researcher without facing discrimination or retaliation, and their rights will not be affected. We strictly maintained confidentiality and anonymity, and the collected data is used in this research only. The participants reconfirmed the consent when the data was collected.