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Authors
Wu, Hanwei
Liao, Fenfang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Education Department of Hunan Province (CX20240519, CX20240519)
Tenglong Innovative Talent Fund of Hunan Normal University (2025TL207)
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Article History
Received: 10 February 2025
Accepted: 26 August 2025
First Online: 2 September 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All procedures involving human participants in this study adhered to the 1964 Helsinki Declaration, its subsequent amendments, and comparable ethical standards. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Hunan Normal University on August 17, 2023 (No. 2023677).
: In this study, electronic informed consent was obtained from all participants between August 19 and 30, 2023. Prior to participation, participants were informed of the study objectives, confidentiality of their responses, the absence of risks in the study, and their right to withdraw at any time without repercussions. All collected data were anonymized to protect participants’ identities and ensure confidentiality.
