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Article History

Received: 12 February 2025

Accepted: 30 August 2025

First Online: 30 September 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of Corvinus University of Budapest and the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was formally granted by the Research Ethics Committee of Corvinus University on November 21, 2024 (Reference No.: KRH/331/2024). We acknowledge that participant data collection began earlier, in November 2023, while the project was under internal consideration and departmental oversight. At that time, the study followed all established university protocols for minimal-risk, anonymous behavioural research. While the procedures had already been reviewed informally and considered appropriate within the institutional framework, due to an administrative lapse, the documentation had not been submitted through the official system at the time of initial review. Consequently, the formal registration process was completed at a later stage. The full study protocol was subsequently submitted without modification and approved by the Research Ethics Committee. To address the timing and ensure transparency, a formal letter of clarification was issued and signed by the Chair of the Research Ethics Committee, Prof. Dr. Tamás Bartus, on July 29, 2025. The letter confirms that the procedures used during data collection, including recruitment, consent, and data handling, were identical to those described in the final approved protocol (Supplementary ). It also affirms that the data collected prior to final approval was retrospectively reviewed and deemed ethically consistent, and that the research project is considered fully ethically compliant and valid for publication.

: All participants provided informed consent prior to beginning the survey. The consent process was delivered in both oral form (during in-class presentations by faculty) and written form on the first page of the anonymous online questionnaire. Participants were informed about the purpose of the study, the voluntary nature of participation, the absence of any risks, and the right to withdraw at any time without consequence. Informed consent was collected as part of the electronic survey, which was active between November 9th and November 27th, 2023. The study did not collect any personally identifying or sensitive information, and responses were stored securely and accessed only by the lead researchers. The procedures used for participant consent and data protection were fully aligned with the final approved protocol and were explicitly confirmed in the statement issued by the Corvinus University Research Ethics Committee.