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Authors
Alcantar-Nieblas, Carolina
Glasserman-Morales, Leonardo David
Suárez-Brito, Paloma
del Rio-Urenda, Susana
Tramon-Pregnan, Claudia Lorena
Vázquez-Parra, José Carlos
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Article History
Received: 6 December 2024
Accepted: 30 August 2025
First Online: 20 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The Institutional Ethics Committee for Research ( Comité Institucional de Ética en la Investigación ) of Tecnológico de Monterrey issued an approval letter on August 7, 2025, for the project titled Research for Challenges: Estudios de Campo en México y el Extranjero , led by Dr. José Carlos Vázquez-Parra. The committee determined that the research protocol meets ethical requirements and poses less than minimal risk, granting it the status of approved under the reference code P-IFE-202506-002. The approval is valid from 7 August 2025 to 7 August 2026, provided no modifications are made to the protocol during its implementation.
: All participants were informed of the study’s objectives, procedures, and data handling protocols, and their confidentiality was guaranteed. Participation was voluntary, and written informed consent was obtained from all students prior to data collection, which took place between May and June 2023.
