Ali, Mohamed https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5957-6897
Mohamed Abdelrahman, Rasha https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9506-305X
Alyousef, Dimah Saleh Abdulaziz
AL-Dossary, Saeed A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2392-595X
Funding for this research was provided by:
This work was supported and funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (grant number IMSIU-DDRSP2501)
Article History
Received: 8 February 2025
Accepted: 30 August 2025
First Online: 9 October 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Psychological and Educational Research in Libya (reference number: MMST/2/1/25M) on July 15, 2024.
: All participants were informed about the aims and procedures of the study, and written informed consent was obtained online between July 28 and October 20, 2024, prior to participation. Participation was voluntary, and respondents were assured of anonymity and confidentiality of their data.