Updates are available Correction dated 2026-04-16

Article History

Received: 22 November 2024

Accepted: 2 September 2025

First Online: 29 October 2025

Change Date: 16 April 2026

Change Type: Correction

Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:

Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-026-07141-y

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was performed in line with the ethical standards of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments, ensuring the protection of all participants’ rights and welfare. For the involved semi-structured interviews with orally informed adult practitioners, we have applied anonymization and confidentiality measures. During the interview data collection period (i.e., from December 2018 to January 2024), our institution, Wuhan University of Technology, had not established a formal social‑science ethics review mechanism; under the institutional policy framework then in force, anonymized, non‑interventional, minimal‑risk interview studies were exempt from prior ethics committee review.

: Informed consent was obtained orally from all interview participants prior to participation in interviews conducted from December 2018 to January 2024. Before interviewing, participants were informed of the study purpose, interview topics, anticipative data application, anonymization and confidentiality measures, the voluntary nature of participation, and their right to withdraw at any time. The provision of oral consent was documented by a notation in the interviewer’s research log. Oral consent was reconfirmed before recording, covering participation, recording, use of de‑identified data for analysis, and publication of anonymized findings that cannot reasonably identify individuals or organizations.