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Article History

Received: 6 January 2025

Accepted: 2 September 2025

First Online: 14 October 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (Approval No: SCBR-28/2023; Date of approval: 31 August 2023). The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Prior to data collection, all participants were provided with comprehensive information regarding the study, including its purpose, procedures, the intended use of data (i.e., analysis in aggregated form and publication in academic journals without disclosure of any personal information), and their right to withdraw at any time without negative consequences. Informed consent was obtained electronically between 5 September 2023 and 20 October 2023 through the online questionnaire platform. On the introductory page of the survey, participants were required to read the study information and indicate their agreement by clicking the “Agree” button before being able to proceed to the questionnaire. By submitting their responses, participants confirmed their informed consent to participate in the study.