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Authors
Wu, Ling
Wang, Shuxin
Yang, Libo
Wu, Xin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Changzhou Lifelong Education System Construction Special Project (Grant No. 24CZSJ-Z04)
Changzhou University Higher Vocational Education Research Funding Project (Grant No. CDGZ202509)
Ministry of Education Humanities and Social Sciences Research Planning Fund Project (Grant No. 22YJA880071)
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Article History
Received: 4 February 2025
Accepted: 5 September 2025
First Online: 4 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Changzhou Vocational Institute of Textile and Garment (December 1, 2023/No. CVITG/PP/24231201).
: Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study between February 10–28, 2024, by the first author and trained research assistants prior to any research activities. As this study involved college students, special care was taken to ensure consent was obtained in an appropriate manner that emphasized voluntary participation without academic pressure or coercion. Participants were fully informed about the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks and benefits, and data utilization plans. The consent process explicitly covered participation in all research activities, data collection and analysis, and potential publication of anonymized results. Participants were assured of complete anonymity and informed of their right to withdraw at any time without penalty. All participants were given adequate time to review the information, ask questions to the research team, and make an informed decision before voluntarily agreeing to participate by signing written informed consent forms.
