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Authors
Van Den Noortgate, M. https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0332-7051
Coppens, V.
Wuyts, E.
Huys, W.
Schuerwegen, A.
Goethals, K.
Coenen, S.
Morrens, M.
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Article History
Received: 16 June 2024
Accepted: 8 September 2025
First Online: 10 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Approval for this study was obtained from the ethical committee of University Antwerp/University Hospital Antwerp, Belgium (project ID 2023-5225; approved on 24/1/2023). This study adheres to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants between March 1, 2023, and April 3, 2023. Before participation, individuals were provided with written information describing the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks (e.g., possible discomfort answering sensitive questions), benefits, and their rights (voluntary participation, right to withdraw at any time, option to skip questions). Consent was given electronically by confirming agreement prior to survey initiation. Participation was restricted to adults (≥18 years). Data collection was fully anonymous, and participants were informed of the scope of data use, including storage for at least 20 years.
