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Authors
Antunes Jimenez, Lorena
Cambraia, Taissa
Silvestre, Saulo
Freire, Laisa
de Toledo, Jose Julio
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Brasil (#316281/2021-2)
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Article History
Received: 11 December 2024
Accepted: 16 September 2025
First Online: 13 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: Our research was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards established by Resolution 466/12 of the National Health Council (CNS) of the Brazilian Ministry of Health, as well as with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. The questionnaire and its application procedures were approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Amapá (Certificate of Presentation for Ethical Review – CAAE: 40791720.0.0000.0003 / Approval number: 5.053.336, approved on October 21, 2021). The approval covered the use of structured questionnaires for collecting sociodemographic and environmental attitude data from adult residents of the city of Macapá.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study. Consent was collected between October 2021 and February 2022, before the interviews took place. Only individuals aged 18 years or older who signed the informed consent form—acknowledging their awareness of the study objectives, confidentiality, voluntary participation, and the right to withdraw at any time—were included. Individuals who declined or expressed uncertainty about participation were not included, in accordance with the ethical standards.
