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Authors
Karkouti, Ibrahim M.
Wolsey, Thomas DeVere
Bekele, Teklu Abate
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Article History
Received: 3 June 2025
Accepted: 18 September 2025
First Online: 1 October 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All procedures in this study were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the American University in Cairo, as well as with the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Ethical approval for all data collection and study content was obtained from the American University in Cairo’s IRB (Case No. 2023-2024-085; dated 17 December 2023).
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement in the study, which was conducted in January 2024. Before each interview, the researcher met with participants individually to explain the purpose of the study, the research procedures, the use of their data, and their right to withdraw at any time without consequence. After confirming their understanding, participants signed the consent form in person. Participants were also made aware that their identities would be hidden using pseudonyms, to which they all agreed.
