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Authors
Pournaki, Armin
Willaert, Tom
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
European Commission (101094752)
European Commission (101094752)
Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-19-P3IA-0001)
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Article History
Received: 15 November 2024
Accepted: 18 September 2025
First Online: 19 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: No user information was processed for the present research, the SOtEU speeches analyzed in the paper are in the public domain.
: No personal data was processed for the present research, therefore no informed consent from participants was required. The study is based exclusively on publicly available State of the Union (SOtEU) speeches, which are in the public domain.
