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Authors
Zhang, Zhen
Zhao, Yilin
Du, Huanlian
Adelijiang, Maierwana
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (71774157)
Fund of CAS Engineering Laboratory for Psychological Service (KFJ-PTXM-29)
Open Research Fund of the CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology (Y5CX052003)
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Article History
Received: 24 October 2024
Accepted: 23 September 2025
First Online: 20 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethics approval for this study was obtained on Marth 12, 2017 (No. H17030) from the Institutional Review Board of Institute of Psychology of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The validity period of the ethical approval spans from March 2017 to December 2022, which aligned with the funding program’s implementation timeline. All procedures strictly adhered to ethical guidelines and regulations governing research involving human participants, including the principles outlined in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki. Special emphasis was placed on safeguarding participants’ rights, safety, and well-being, while ensuring scientific rigor throughout the study.
: Informed consents were obtained from all participants on October 10, 2021, prior to data collection. Participants were fully informed about the research objectives, their voluntary participation (including the right to withdraw at any time without penalty), the anonymization of data, and the exclusive use of collected information for academic purposes. No personally identifiable information was collected or disclosed during the research process.
: During the process of drafting, revising, and polishing the manuscript, we did not employ any AI technology as an assistive tool.
