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Authors
Ribeiro, Raquel
Neto, Daniela Sofia
Santos, Ana Cordeiro
Valentim, Joaquim Pires
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (EXPL/PSI-GER/0269/2021, EXPL/PSI-GER/0269/2021, EXPL/PSI-GER/0269/2021, EXPL/PSI-GER/0269/2021)
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Article History
Received: 29 November 2024
Accepted: 25 September 2025
First Online: 18 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study uses anonymized secondary data, thus does not require ethics approval. The original studies were performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments, but ethical approval was not sought since it was not required by the regulatory context in Portugal at the time.
: This study uses secondary data, thus does not require informed consent. In the original studies all participants provided informed consent in accordance with the guidelines of the American Psychological Association and the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.
