Document is current

Article History

Received: 1 November 2024

Accepted: 30 September 2025

First Online: 20 November 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was approved by the University of South Australia Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC; Approval Number: 206172) on 6 July 2024. All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the University of South Australia HREC and the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The approval covered all aspects of recruitment, informed consent, data collection, and data management described in the approved protocol. Any modifications made after data collection commenced were submitted for review and approval in line with institutional requirements.

: Informed consent was obtained electronically at the commencement of the online survey, with data collection conducted over a 3-week period in August 2024. Participants were first presented with an information sheet detailing the purpose of the research, the voluntary nature of participation, study procedures, and the scope of consent, which covered participation, data use, and publication of deidentified results. They were informed that their responses would remain anonymous, why the research was being conducted, how their data would be utilised and securely stored, and that no risks were anticipated in taking part. Consent was provided by actively selecting a checkbox confirming agreement to participate before accessing the survey questions. All participants were aged 18 years or older and capable of providing informed consent.