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Article History

Received: 7 April 2025

Accepted: 30 September 2025

First Online: 18 November 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This research received ethical approval from the Soochow University Institutional Review Board in Suzhou (Approval Number: SUDA20240204) on February 4, 2024. The approval encompasses all data collection procedures involving human participants as outlined in the study’s methodology. All research activities were conducted in strict compliance with relevant institutional and national ethical guidelines, adhering to the principles established by the Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments. These guidelines ensure that the study upholds the highest ethical standards applicable to research involving human subjects.

: Prior to participation, all participants provided informed consent electronically via Questionnaire Star at the start of the survey. On April 30, 2024, 265 individuals were invited to do the Kano questionnaire, resulting in 213 completing the survey within ten days. On January 24, 2025, 542 individuals were invited to do the UTAUT2 questionnaire, resulting in 461 completing the survey within three weeks. They were informed about the study’s purpose, the voluntary nature of their participation, and assured that their responses would remain confidential and used solely for academic and scientific purposes. The authors confirmed that all participants involved in the study were informed of its purposes, potential outcomes, and their rights, including the right to withdraw at any point. They gave their consent to participate voluntarily.