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Authors
Malik, Ishfaq Hussain
Ford, James D.
Way, Robert G.
Barrand, Nicholas E.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
UK Research and Innovation (NE/X003868/1)
UK Research and Innovation (NE/X003868/1)
UK Research and Innovation (NE/X003868/1)
UK Research and Innovation (NE/X003868/1)
UK’s Department for Science, Innovation and Technology and NERC Arctic Office (ARCWISE)
UK’s Department for Science, Innovation and Technology and NERC Arctic Office (ARCWISE)
ERC Advanced Grant (via the UKRI Horizon Europe guarantee scheme (EPSRC grant# EP/Z533385/1)
ERC Advanced Grant (via the UKRI Horizon Europe guarantee scheme (EPSRC grant# EP/Z533385/1)
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Article History
Received: 2 December 2024
Accepted: 30 September 2025
First Online: 20 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Nunatsiavut Government Research Advisory Committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. The study was approved by the Nunatsiavut Government Research Advisory Committee (Permit number: NGRAC-12770416) on 13 May 2024, and the University of Leeds, UK (AREA FREC 2023-0596-660) on 16 June 2023.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their participation. Consent was collected during two fieldwork periods: June–July 2024 and March 2025.
