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Article History

Received: 26 November 2024

Accepted: 6 October 2025

First Online: 7 December 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study has been sanctioned by the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China under the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project (Approval No. 23YJA760086). The project began in April 2023 and is still ongoing. Ethical approval encompasses all parts of the study which involve human subjects, including the robust collection of expert opinion through the use of surveys. All procedures in the study was performed in compliance with the ethical principles set forth in the Declaration of Helsinki and applicable laws and policies of the country as well as policies of the concerned institutions. Consent was given by all subjects prior to starting in the study.

: All participating experts provided written consent prior to participation in this study. Invitations were sent out in February–March 2024 to potential participants who were given full information about the study and its voluntary nature as well as that all information would remain confidential, the ethical right to withdraw from the study at any time with no questions asked. Written consent was obtained by email. The informed consent range was the following: agreeing to participate in the study, to academic analysis on the basis of the anonymized data and to publication of the study results. No unique identifiers were collected and all data is protected and stored safely in line with institutional data protection guidelines.