Document is current

Article History

Received: 6 March 2025

Accepted: 9 October 2025

First Online: 19 November 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The process and procedures used in this study adhere to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. This study has been ethically approved by Human Research Ethics Review Committee of Beijing Forestry University (No. 2022-02-25, approval date: 18 March 2022). This approval encompasses all aspects of the study, including data collection, analysis, participant recruitment, informed consent procedures, and confidentiality measures. All procedures in this study were in accordance with the ethical framework approved by the Human Research Ethics Review Committee and the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: The study was conducted between March 26 and May 25, 2022. All participants gave written informed consent before completing the official survey. At the beginning of each survey, they were informed about the study’s objectives, procedures, and confidentiality of their responses. They have been informed that their data will be only used for academic research and not for other purposes, and there is no risks to them of participating. It was also clearly stated that any personal information would be provided anonymously and that they reserved the right to withdraw from the study at any time. All participants selected the “Agree” option to complete the informed consent process, agreeing to participate, have their data used for research purposes, and have anonymous findings published.