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Authors
Xue, Wenting
Dou, Jinmeng
Qin, Wenxin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hubei Provincial Social Science Fund Early-stage Funding Project (23ZD238)
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities HUST (2025WKQN007)
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Article History
Received: 15 November 2024
Accepted: 9 October 2025
First Online: 20 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Huazhong University of Science and Technology (protocol code 20230621S440) on June 21, 2023.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement in the study. The acceptability judgment task was conducted from July 1st to July 25th, 2023. The cloze test was carried out between August 1st and September 15th, 2023. The self-paced reading experiment took place from October 15th to November 15th, 2023. Participants were informed that they had the right to withdrawal from the study at any time without any negative consequences, penalty, or loss of benefits to which you would otherwise be entitled. They were also assured that their data would remain anonymous and be treated with strict confidentiality. Specifically, the data would be securely stored on a password-protected laptop, accessible only to the researcher. No participants’ name or identifying information would be released or included in any report or publications.
