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Article History

Received: 15 October 2024

Accepted: 13 October 2025

First Online: 19 November 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The University of Rwanda, College of Arts and Social Sciences’ Research Ethics Committee gave its clearance to this study on January 11, 2024 (clearance Ref: 01/CASS-DRI/2024). Every procedure was carried out in compliance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments, as well as the procedures of the national and institutional research committees. Recruitment of participants, data collection, data administration, and distribution of anonymised results were all covered by the approval.

: Between March 15 and June 30, 2024, all participants provided written informed permission. Following thorough explanations of the study’s goals, methods, data use, and participants’ freedom to discontinue participation at any moment without incurring penalties, consent was acquired. Every participant agreed to participate and to have their anonymised data published. This manuscript contains no personally identifiable information.