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Article History

Received: 3 March 2025

Accepted: 15 October 2025

First Online: 25 November 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee of Concordia University, Montreal, Canada (Certification Number: 30016116). The study was reviewed and approved on February 18, 2022, prior to data collection. All research procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee. The approval covered all procedures related to participant recruitment, data collection, storage, and analysis.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study. Participants were informed about the purpose of the research, the voluntary nature of their participation, their right to withdraw at any time without penalty, and the confidentiality of their responses. Consent covered participation in the study, use of anonymized data for analysis, and permission to publish aggregated findings. All consent procedures were carried out by the principal investigator from February 2022 to January 2023, following Concordia University’s ethical guidelines.