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Article History

Received: 30 May 2025

Accepted: 22 October 2025

First Online: 27 November 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Ethical approval was obtained from the University of KwaZulu-Natal’s Humanities and Social Sciences Research Ethics Committee on 11 Jan 2017 (Protocol Reference No. HSS/003/017D). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Before beginning the study, participants received an information sheet and a consent form explaining the nature and purpose of the research between 20 January 2017 and 30 September 2017. They were made fully aware of the study’s objectives, how their data would be used, and that their identities would remain anonymous and confidential. Participants were also informed that their involvement posed no foreseeable risks and that participation was entirely voluntary, with the option to withdraw at any point without any repercussions. The consent form included contact details for further questions or withdrawal requests. Once they understood the aims and procedures of the study, all participants gave written informed consent. Ethical approval for the study was granted by the institution’s research ethics committee.