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Authors
Liu, Huan
Zhang, Wencheng
Mei, Hong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Research on the improvement path of digital government construction effectiveness in Shaanxi province (2024M003)
A Study on the Key and Difficult Issues in the Coordinated Promotion of Integrated Reform of Systems and Mechanisms for Education, Science & Technology, and Talent (24ZDA028)
A Study of the Impact of Diversity in Research Team on Innovation Leadership from the Perspective of Resource Integration (72372126)
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Article History
Received: 1 February 2025
Accepted: 24 October 2025
First Online: 28 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical exemption (NO.2025-0804) was formally approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the School of Journalism and New Media, Xi’an Jiaotong University. All methods and procedures in this study were performed in accordance with the ethics guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and followed the ethical standards of the “Ethical Review Measures for Life Sciences and Medical Research Involving Human Beings” approved by China’s National Science and Technology Ethnics Committee in February 2023. Appropriate measures have been taken to protect the anonymity and confidentiality of the data during its use, thus meeting the criteria for a waiver of ethics approval.
: All participants are cognitively competent adults over the age of 18. Participation was entirely voluntary. During the survey period (May to June 2023), all participants were informed in writing that the survey was anonymous, the data would be used only for research, and that they could withdraw at any time.
