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Authors
Jiang, Peijie
Lin, Wenqian
Ruan, Xiaomeng
Zhang, Jiaying
Xu, Rong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Scientific Research Project of the Education Department of Hunan Province (24A0042)
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Article History
Received: 29 September 2024
Accepted: 28 October 2025
First Online: 9 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Hunan Normal University (Approval No. 2024321; Date: March 13, 2024).
: Prior to participation, verbal informed consent was obtained from all participants and their legal guardians in March 31, 2024. Researchers explained the study’s purpose, procedures, and confidentiality measures during individual interviews, emphasizing voluntary participation and the right to withdraw at any time without penalty. Explicit verbal consent was recorded for data use in publications.
