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Authors
Abbas, Hussain
Feng, Zhao Rui
Malik, Muhammad
Dawood, Muhammad
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Yunnan Province Cultural Masters Project for Talent Development ((CA23251L004A))
2024 Yunnan Province Philosophy and Social Science Innovation Team Project ((2024CX12))
National Social Science Fund Project “Research on the Measurement and Enhancement Strategies of Digital Governance Efficiency in Rural Areas of the Southwest Region” ((23BZZO91))
Kunming University of Science and Technology Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project: "Research on New Industrialization and New Urbanization Promoting Comprehensive Rural Revitalization." ((CA24163M381A).)
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Article History
Received: 9 February 2025
Accepted: 29 October 2025
First Online: 23 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study is based on publicly available secondary data and does not involve human or animal subjects. As such, ethical approval was not required.
: This research used exclusively publicly accessible data (annual reports and ORBIS database). This study used secondary data and that did not involve human participants.
