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Authors
Qiu, Xilu
Jin, Xinyi
Huang, Shuiling
Xie, Henglang
Zhao, Wei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Zhejiang Provincial Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning Research Project (25NDJC106YBMS)
National Social Science Foundation of China (2025CJY085)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (42271295)
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Article History
Received: 14 April 2025
Accepted: 31 October 2025
First Online: 17 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The authors declare consent for publication.
: This research is based exclusively on publicly available, anonymized secondary data and does not involve any direct interaction with human participants. Consequently, the study is exempt from ethical review approval, and no informed consent was required.
: This study does not contain studies with human participants.
