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Authors
Xu, Zhiwei
Zhang, Siyu
Liu, Siqi
Yang, Yaqi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (71872062)
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Article History
Received: 11 December 2024
Accepted: 31 October 2025
First Online: 26 January 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Academic Committee of the School of Business, Hubei University (Approval Number: 20240020120). Ethical approval was granted in January 2024. All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 revision).
: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants between February and May 2024, prior to their participation. Participants were fully informed of the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks, and their right to withdraw at any time without penalty. The consent process was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 revision).
