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Article History

Received: 5 April 2025

Accepted: 31 October 2025

First Online: 16 December 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Social and Human Sciences at Mersin University. The approval process was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards set forth in the Declaration of Helsinki, ensuring compliance with established ethical principles. The ethics approval number is 342, and the date of approval is December 4, 2024.

: Written consent was obtained from all participants on December 4, 2024, following a briefing on the study’s background, purpose, and procedures. Participation was entirely voluntary, and participants were free to decline or withdraw from the study at any time by informing the researcher, without facing discrimination or retaliation, and without any impact on their rights. Confidentiality and anonymity were rigorously maintained, and the data collected were used exclusively for the purposes of this research. Participants reconfirmed their consent during the data collection process.