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Article History

Received: 19 September 2024

Accepted: 31 October 2025

First Online: 10 December 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Institutional Review Board of the Faculty of Psychology, Southwest (Date September 25, 2022/No. H23123). The approval covers all aspects of the research involving human participants. No modifications to the research protocol were made after the approval was obtained.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their participation in the study. For Study 1, participants completed an online questionnaire for the validation of psychological measures after reading a detailed informed consent form (Date: May 1 and May 5, 2023). The consent form included information about the researchers, the purpose of the study, participants’ rights (including the right to withdraw at any time without penalty), and data handling procedures (detailing how personal information would be processed and confidentiality ensured). Participants voluntarily took part in the study based on a full understanding of this information. For Study 2, which investigated the associations between interpersonal mindfulness, emotion regulation, and peer relationships using a cross-sectional network analysis (Date: October 1 and October 7, 2023), all participants provided online informed consent before completing the questionnaire. The consent form was provided in Chinese and included details about the study’s purpose, procedures, and participants’ rights. These informed consent documents are not publicly available to protect participants’ privacy, but can be obtained from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.