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Authors
Yin, Jielin
Zhao, Yangyang
Ma, Zhenzhong
Chen, Siqi
Li, Miaomiao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Social Science Fund of China (24BGL029)
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Article History
Received: 5 November 2024
Accepted: 6 November 2025
First Online: 21 November 2025
Competing interests
: The third author (Zhenzhong Ma) was an Editor this journal at the time of submission. The manuscript was assessed in line with the journal’s standard editorial processes, including its policy on competing interests. The other authors declare no competing interests.
: The questionnaire and methods for this study were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Business School, Beijing Information Science & Technology University (EA20221130) on Nov 25, 2022. This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants during data collection via a cover letter attached to the questionnaire reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Business School, Beijing Information Science & Technology University (EA20221130). All the participants were informed in December 2022 in the cover letter that they can withdraw anytime without any penalty if they do not want to continue the data collection process.
