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Authors
Sun, Jie
Wang, Shiyu
Feng, Shuyi
Li, Xin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research in Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province (2022SJYB0050)
the Scientific Research Foundation of Nanjing Institute of Technology (YKJ202464)
Jiangsu Provincial Social Science Foundation (25ZHC041)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (72061137072)
the Dutch Research Council (482.19.607)
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Article History
Received: 8 April 2025
Accepted: 7 November 2025
First Online: 17 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study is based on secondary analysis of publicly available, de-identified data from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS), together with housing purchase restriction policy documents and city-level statistical yearbook data. No direct contact with human participants or collection of personal identifying information was involved. According to the ethical review guidelines of the authors’ institutions and national research ethics regulations, formal ethics approval was not applicable for this type of secondary data analysis.
: The China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) data used in this study were collected and managed by the National Health Commission of China. All respondents provided informed consent prior to participation during the original data collection process. As this study relies solely on secondary, anonymized data, no additional informed consent was required. All analyses were conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant national research ethics regulations.
